{"id":3326,"date":"2022-04-23T11:01:33","date_gmt":"2022-04-23T11:01:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/gardening\/cassida-del-artichoke-damage-to-plants-and-biological-defense\/"},"modified":"2022-04-23T11:01:33","modified_gmt":"2022-04-23T11:01:33","slug":"cassida-del-artichoke-damage-to-plants-and-biological-defense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/gardening\/cassida-del-artichoke-damage-to-plants-and-biological-defense\/","title":{"rendered":"Cassida del artichoke, damage to plants and biological defense"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"penci-post-entry-inner\">\n<p>There <strong>cassida del artichoke<\/strong>scientific name <em><strong>Cassida deflowered<\/strong><\/em>is an insect belonging to the order <em>Coleoptera<\/em>family <em>Chrysomelidae<\/em>subfamily <em>Cassidinae<\/em>.<span id=\"more-22132\"><\/span>  It is a <strong>parasite of the artichoke<\/strong> very common in the southern and central regions and in the islands, but is present, albeit sporadically, also in the north.  In case of heavy infestations, damage to <u>artichoke crops<\/u> they can be relevant, for this reason it is necessary to know how to recognize the parasite and to intervene promptly with biological defense.<\/p>\n<p>In this article we see how to prevent and eliminate this animal that infests artichokes.  But first let&#8217;s see how to recognize it.<span id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-657\" class=\"ezoic-adpicker-ad\"><\/span><span class=\"ezoic-ad box-3 box-3657 adtester-container adtester-container-657\" data-ez-name=\"coltivazionebiologica_it-box-3\"><span id=\"div-gpt-ad-coltivazionebiologica_it-box-3-0\" ezaw=\"728\" ezah=\"90\" style=\"position:relative;z-index:0;display:inline-block;padding:0;min-height:90px;min-width:728px\" class=\"ezoic-ad\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id=\"forum-3738808798\" class=\"forum-content-2 forum-entity-placement\">\t\t<div class=\"ad-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;min-height:250px;text-align:center\">\r\n\t\t\t<!-- In Article Blog -->\r\n\t\t\t<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n\t\t\t\t style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3476569516614521\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-slot=\"9829044906\"><\/ins>\r\n\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\t (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Descrizione_della_cassida_del_carciofo\">Description of the artichoke cassida<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"ezlazyload aligncenter size-full wp-image-22137\" alt=\"cassida del artichoke\" width=\"780\" height=\"469\" ezimgfmt=\"rs rscb3 src ng ngcb3\" src=\"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Cassida-del-artichoke-damage-to-plants-and-biological-defense.jpg\"><br \/>There <em>Cassida deflowered<\/em> it is a small insect easily recognizable in the different stages of development.  The adults measure 6-7 mm in length, are oval-convex, light green in color, with the head entirely hidden by the prothoracic shield.  The legs are instead of a reddish color, with blackened femurs at the base.  The elytra (wings) have parallel dotted lines.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Uova\">Egg<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The eggs are yellowish in color and oval in shape.  They are deposited in dense stratified ovoplates and covered by the blackish excrements of the females.<span id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-652\" class=\"ezoic-adpicker-ad\"><\/span><span class=\"ezoic-ad medrectangle-3 medrectangle-3652 adtester-container adtester-container-652\" data-ez-name=\"coltivazionebiologica_it-medrectangle-3\"><span id=\"div-gpt-ad-coltivazionebiologica_it-medrectangle-3-0\" ezaw=\"580\" ezah=\"400\" style=\"position:relative;z-index:0;display:inline-block;padding:0;min-height:400px;min-width:580px\" class=\"ezoic-ad\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id=\"forum-179428726\" class=\"forum-content forum-entity-placement\">\t\t<div class=\"ad-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;min-height:250px;text-align:center\">\r\n\t\t\t<!-- In Article Blog -->\r\n\t\t\t<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n\t\t\t\t style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3476569516614521\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-slot=\"9829044906\"><\/ins>\r\n\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\t (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"Larve\">Larvae<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"ezlazyload aligncenter size-full wp-image-22136\" alt=\"Larvae of artichoke cassida\" width=\"780\" height=\"512\" ezimgfmt=\"rs rscb3 src ng ngcb3\" src=\"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1650711693_137_Cassida-del-artichoke-damage-to-plants-and-biological-defense.jpg\"><br \/>The larva of the artichoke cassida at full maturity measures 6-8 mm in length, the color is greenish-yellow with the head and legs not visible from above.  The body is oval-elongated in shape, flattened on the back, with the margin decorated with small yellowish spines.  At the end it is provided with a forked appendage on which the remains of the various moults and also the excrements accumulate.  Therefore the larvae often appear completely black.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ezoic-autoinsert-ad ezoic-mid_content\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Pupe\">Pupae<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The pupae of the artichoke cassida are green, with the distal part blackened.  It has a semicircular prothoracic plate, with the posterior edge wider than the rest of the body, which is provided with lateral spines.<\/p><div id=\"forum-1499192299\" class=\"forum-content-3 forum-entity-placement\">\t\t<div class=\"ad-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;min-height:250px;text-align:center\">\r\n\t\t\t<!-- In Article Blog -->\r\n\t\t\t<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n\t\t\t\t style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3476569516614521\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-slot=\"9829044906\"><\/ins>\r\n\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\t (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Piante_attaccate_dalla_cassida_del_carciofo\">Plants attacked by the artichoke cassida<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There <em>Cassida deflowered<\/em> lives mainly at the expense of <u>artichoke plant<\/u>but it can also infest spontaneous and cultivated thistles, the <u>tussilago farfara<\/u> and sometimes the <u>beet<\/u>.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Danni_alle_piante\">Damage to plants<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The damage to artichoke plants is due to the adults and the larval stages of the cassida.  The parasite feeds on the vegetation by eroding the flap, respecting the opposite epidermis which subsequently dries up and tears.<br \/>If the infestation of <em>Cassida deflowered<\/em> it is elevated, the affected leaves are strongly pitted and end up drying out completely, compromising the vegetative development of the plant.  The damage is stronger on young plants than in mature artichokes.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ezoic-autoinsert-ad ezoic-long_content\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Ciclo_di_vita_della_Cassida_deflorata\">Life cycle of the deflowered Cassida<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The artichoke cassida overwinters at the adult stage, taking refuge at the base of the leaf ribs of the plants or in the surrounding soil.  At the beginning of spring, the adults come out of the shelters and carry on the leaves.  Oviposition begins from mid-April (May in the North).  The eggs are laid on the underside of the leaves or at the bifurcation of the ribs, more rarely on the inflorescences and on the stems.  As mentioned, the eggs are laid in dense stratified groups and masked with the blackish droppings.  After about 15 days of incubation the larvae are born, which reach maturity in a month, after five moults.  At the end of their evolution they pupate, fixing themselves under the leaves.  The new adult cassis are ready after about a month of pupal life.  Adults continue to feed on the leaves for a long time, until wintering.  The insect therefore makes only one generation in a year.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Insetti_antagonisti\">Antagonistic insects<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In nature there <u>they are useful insects<\/u> which parasitize the ovature of the cassis of the artichoke, in particular: the chalcidid hymenoptera <em>Foersterella flavipes<\/em> and the Mimarid Hymenoptera <em>Fulmekiella balteata<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Come_prevenire_la_cassida_del_carciofo\">How to prevent artichoke cassida<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In a small garden with a few artichoke plants, the biological defense against this parasite can be above all mechanical.  During the oviposition period, between April and May, the vegetation of the plants should be carefully inspected and the ovature (rather evident) removed manually.<br \/>Another manual removal technique, of larvae and adults, is to place newspaper sheets under the plants and then shake the leaves, collecting as many insects as possible.<br \/>In the autumn-winter period, the tillage of the soil around the plants limits the parasite&#8217;s chances of surviving the winter.<span id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-650\" class=\"ezoic-adpicker-ad\"><\/span><span class=\"ezoic-ad box-4 box-4650 adtester-container adtester-container-650\" data-ez-name=\"coltivazionebiologica_it-box-4\"><span id=\"div-gpt-ad-coltivazionebiologica_it-box-4-0\" ezaw=\"580\" ezah=\"400\" style=\"position:relative;z-index:0;display:inline-block;padding:0;width:100%;max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;min-height:90px;min-width:728px\" class=\"ezoic-ad\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Come_eliminare_la_cassida_del_carciofo\">How to eliminate the artichoke cassida<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>On larger artichoke fields, mechanical defense against this parasite is impractical.  There are two <u>products allowed in organic farming<\/u> which can be used to eliminate the artichoke casside.<br \/>The first is the <u>beauveria bassiana<\/u>a <u>entomopathogenic fungus<\/u> effective on both adults and larvae and that you find in the best agricultural shops.<br \/>Alternatively, products based on <u>natural pyrethrum<\/u>easier to find (lo <u>found in specialized stores<\/u>).<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-689\" class=\"ezoic-adpicker-ad\"><\/span><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There cassida del artichokescientific name Cassida defloweredis an insect belonging to the order Coleopterafamily Chrysomelidaesubfamily Cassidinae. It is a parasite of the artichoke very common in the southern and central regions and in the islands, but is present, albeit sporadically, also in the north. In case of heavy infestations, damage to artichoke crops they can [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3327,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[67,68],"class_list":["post-3326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gardening","tag-gardening","tag-italian-garden","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cassida del artichoke, damage to plants and biological defense - Sbenny\u2019s Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/gardening\/cassida-del-artichoke-damage-to-plants-and-biological-defense\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cassida del artichoke, damage to plants and biological defense - Sbenny\u2019s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"There cassida del artichokescientific name Cassida defloweredis an insect belonging to the order Coleopterafamily Chrysomelidaesubfamily Cassidinae. It is a parasite of the artichoke very common in the southern and central regions and in the islands, but is present, albeit sporadically, also in the north. 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It is a parasite of the artichoke very common in the southern and central regions and in the islands, but is present, albeit sporadically, also in the north. 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