{"id":612,"date":"2022-04-06T12:18:19","date_gmt":"2022-04-06T12:18:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/gardening\/trees\/other-trees\/botrytis-or-gray-mold-of-the-vine-damage-prevention-and-treatment\/"},"modified":"2022-04-06T12:18:19","modified_gmt":"2022-04-06T12:18:19","slug":"botrytis-or-gray-mold-of-the-vine-damage-prevention-and-treatment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/gardening\/trees\/other-trees\/botrytis-or-gray-mold-of-the-vine-damage-prevention-and-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Botrytis or gray mold of the vine.  Damage, prevention and treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"penci-post-entry-inner\">\n<p>There <strong>botrytis<\/strong> (or <strong>gray mold of the vine<\/strong>) is among the most serious fungal diseases that threaten Italian viticulture.  It particularly affects grapes in the ripening phase, but can also manifest its symptoms on the leaves and shoots, or the vegetative organs of the <u>vine plant<\/u>.<span id=\"more-14711\"><\/span>  It is very important to prevent botrytis with adequate agronomic practices and targeted treatments.  Obviously, we are talking about interventions allowed in organic farming.  In fact, if we do not take shelter, the risk is that the disease will become more and more virulent and therefore difficult to control.<\/p>\n<p>In this article we see what they are <strong>symptoms of gray mold<\/strong> and what damage it causes to plants.  Furthermore, we see the cultivation interventions to be done in the vineyard and the best biological defense strategies.<span id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-657\" class=\"ezoic-adpicker-ad\"><\/span><span class=\"ezoic-ad box-3 box-3657 adtester-container adtester-container-657\" data-ez-name=\"coltivazionebiologica_it-box-3\"><span id=\"div-gpt-ad-coltivazionebiologica_it-box-3-0\" ezaw=\"728\" ezah=\"90\" style=\"position:relative;z-index:0;display:inline-block;padding:0;min-height:90px;min-width:728px\" class=\"ezoic-ad\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id=\"forum-33060656\" class=\"forum-content-2 forum-entity-placement\">\t\t<div class=\"ad-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;min-height:250px;text-align:center\">\r\n\t\t\t<!-- In Article Blog -->\r\n\t\t\t<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n\t\t\t\t style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3476569516614521\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-slot=\"9829044906\"><\/ins>\r\n\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\t (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Cosa_e_la_botrite\">What is botrytis<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"eager\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-14716\" src=\"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Botrytis-or-gray-mold-of-the-vine-Damage-prevention-and.jpg\" alt=\"botrytis\" width=\"780\" height=\"517\" ezimgfmt=\"rs rscb3 src ng ngcb3\"   importance=\"high\"><br \/>Botrytis is a plant disease caused by the parasitic fungus <em>Botrytis cinerea<\/em>, in its asexual form.  It is also called gray mold, as this is the visible characteristic of late stage attacks.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Piante_colpite\">Plants affected<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>It is the vine that suffers the greatest damage from botrytis, especially at an economic level.  In any case, it is a very aggressive and polyphagous pathogen, that is, it affects several species.  The other plants affected by the problem are:<span id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-652\" class=\"ezoic-adpicker-ad\"><\/span><span class=\"ezoic-ad medrectangle-3 medrectangle-3652 adtester-container adtester-container-652\" data-ez-name=\"coltivazionebiologica_it-medrectangle-3\"><span id=\"div-gpt-ad-coltivazionebiologica_it-medrectangle-3-0\" ezaw=\"728\" ezah=\"90\" style=\"position:relative;z-index:0;display:inline-block;padding:0;min-height:90px;min-width:728px\" class=\"ezoic-ad\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id=\"forum-1818980676\" class=\"forum-content forum-entity-placement\">\t\t<div class=\"ad-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;min-height:250px;text-align:center\">\r\n\t\t\t<!-- In Article Blog -->\r\n\t\t\t<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n\t\t\t\t style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3476569516614521\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-slot=\"9829044906\"><\/ins>\r\n\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\t (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Strawberry<\/u>,<\/li>\n<li><u>hemp<\/u>,<\/li>\n<li>vegetable crops in general<\/li>\n<li>pome fruit (<u>Apple tree<\/u>, <u>However<\/u>, <u>quince<\/u>, <u>common medlar<\/u>, <u>medlar of Japan<\/u>rowan, <u>azzeruolo<\/u>),<\/li>\n<li>stone fruit (<u>peach<\/u>, <u>plum<\/u>, <u>apricot<\/u>, <u>almond tree<\/u> And <u>Cherry tree<\/u>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"I_sintomi_di_botrite_della_vite\">Symptoms of botrytis of the vine<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Symptoms of botrytis on the vine are different, depending on whether they show up on grape berries, leaves, shoots or shoots.  Let&#8217;s see them in detail.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Sintomi_sugli_acini_di_uva\">Symptoms on grape berries<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"ezlazyload aligncenter size-full wp-image-14715\" alt=\"Gray mold of the vine\" width=\"780\" height=\"533\" ezimgfmt=\"rs rscb3 src ng ngcb3\" src=\"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1649247499_455_Botrytis-or-gray-mold-of-the-vine-Damage-prevention-and.jpg\"><br \/>Vine botrytis strongly affects grape berries.  These are especially at risk after the <u>phenological phase<\/u> of veraison and in the ripening phase.  In these phases the sugar concentrations in the berries increase, which favors the germination of the fungus and the penetration into the fruit tissues.  When the bunch is affected by the fungus, the berries begin to become dark, with different shades depending on the phenological stage and the grape variety.  They later become mushy and covered with gray mold.  If the environmental conditions turn towards a &#8220;dry&#8221; condition, the affected part of the bunch also tends to dry out, forming necrosis.<\/p><div id=\"forum-4172186881\" class=\"forum-content-3 forum-entity-placement\">\t\t<div class=\"ad-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;min-height:250px;text-align:center\">\r\n\t\t\t<!-- In Article Blog -->\r\n\t\t\t<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n\t\t\t\t style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3476569516614521\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-slot=\"9829044906\"><\/ins>\r\n\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\t (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"Sintomi_sulle_foglie\">Symptoms on the leaves<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Symptoms of botrytis attack on grape leaves are less frequent and with minimal damage.  They occur especially in spring, in very rainy periods.  The fungus on the leaves is highlighted with the appearance of reddish necrosis, located above all at the edges.  Later the necrotic areas can extend to the entire leaf margin.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Sintomi_su_germogli_e_tralci\">Symptoms on shoots and shoots<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Also on shoots and shoots the attack of botrytis is less frequent, more limited and usually in the spring.  On the shoots you can have soft rot, which tend to become covered with mold and dry out.  On the branches, however, when they still have a herbaceous consistency, they create necrosis and widespread browning.  On the affected part, the fungus conservation organs are formed, the sclerotia, visible to the naked eye as a blackish punctuation.<span id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-658\" class=\"ezoic-adpicker-ad\"><\/span><span class=\"ezoic-ad medrectangle-4 medrectangle-4658 adtester-container adtester-container-658\" data-ez-name=\"coltivazionebiologica_it-medrectangle-4\"><span id=\"div-gpt-ad-coltivazionebiologica_it-medrectangle-4-0\" ezaw=\"580\" ezah=\"400\" style=\"position:relative;z-index:0;display:inline-block;padding:0;width:100%;max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;min-height:90px;min-width:728px\" class=\"ezoic-ad\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Ciclo_biologico_della_botrite\">Biological cycle of botrytis<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><em>Botrytis cinerea<\/em> it is a saprophytic fungus, that is able to survive on dead tissues.  Furthermore, its great polyphagia allows it to easily overcome the winter.  It is preserved in the state of sclerotium or mycelium.  In particular, in the vine it takes refuge on the branches, in the cracks of the bark, in the residues of infected vegetation left on the ground, on the uncollected grapes.  The presence of conidia of the fungus was observed in the vineyards throughout the year.  These organs are in latency during the winter period and potentially pathogenic in the other seasons.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Condizioni_che_favorisco_la_botrite\">Conditions that favor botrytis<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Botrytis \u201cwakes up\u201d in spring, when it finds favorable environmental conditions.  Following prolonged rains, associated with high humidity, the fungus develops, producing an abundant greyish mold in about a week.  This is formed by conidia that are scattered by the wind and the rain itself.  The optimal conditions for the development of botrytis infection occur with relative humidity over 90%, capable of keeping the vegetation wet for about 15 hours at an average temperature of at least 15 \u00b0 C.  This condition is known as <strong>rule of two 15<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Altre_condizioni\">Other conditions<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>With different temperatures and humidity, botrytis can still infect the host, but it needs more time.  The conidia, in fact, have a very wide range of development.  They can germinate from temperatures just over 0 \u00b0 C to over 30 \u00b0 C.  Infection is also favored by lesions and wounds (possibly caused by <u>hail<\/u>parasites or other diseases such as <u>downy mildew<\/u> or <u>powdery mildew<\/u>).  For example, the lesions to the berries due to attacks of <u>vine moth<\/u> they are a typical entry route for gray mold.<span id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-650\" class=\"ezoic-adpicker-ad\"><\/span><span class=\"ezoic-ad box-4 box-4650 adtester-container adtester-container-650\" data-ez-name=\"coltivazionebiologica_it-box-4\"><span id=\"div-gpt-ad-coltivazionebiologica_it-box-4-0\" ezaw=\"300\" ezah=\"250\" style=\"position:relative;z-index:0;display:inline-block;padding:0;min-height:250px;min-width:300px\" class=\"ezoic-ad\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Rimedi_naturali_per_prevenire_la_botrite\">Natural remedies to prevent botrytis<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Good agronomic prevention is essential to avoid botrytis.  So here&#8217;s what to do and what not to do:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>at the varietal level, the vines characterized by compact clusters and berries with thin skin are more sensitive to botrytis attacks.  For this reason, in epidemic areas, in the case of a new plant, the choice of the variety should be directed towards grapes with less compact bunches, with <u>not very vigorous rootstocks<\/u>;<\/li>\n<li>a predisposing factor to botrytis are the continuous ones <u>tillage of the land<\/u>therefore to avoid it it is recommended to<u>grassing<\/u>;<\/li>\n<li>carry out balanced fertilizations, avoiding nitrogen excesses, which determine conditions of vegetative growth and therefore shading.  The latter favors the<strong>botrytis infection<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li>give importance to <u>green pruning of the vine<\/u>very useful because, uncovering the clusters, it favors their ripening and avoids excess humidity inside the leaf mass;<\/li>\n<li>carefully eliminate the residues of infected vegetation from the previous season.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Prodotti_contro_la_botrite\">Products against botrytis<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Fortunately, botrytis can be contained by resorting to <u>Organic products<\/u>.  The best ones are the powdery ones, as they are more persistent and able to block the spread of the pathogen.  Among these we have:<span id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-663\" class=\"ezoic-adpicker-ad\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>powdered sulfur (found here)<\/u><\/li>\n<li><u>kaolin<\/u><\/li>\n<li><u>zeolite<\/u><\/li>\n<li>copper-based products (which are already used for the downy mildew of the vine, since they favor the thickening of the berry cuticle, and therefore also counteract the attacks of botrytis).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Fungicidi_contro_la_botrite\">Fungicides against botrytis<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Recently, the fight against botrytis has seen the introduction of two biological control agents: the <em>Bacillus subtilis<\/em> and the <u>Trichoderma harzianum<\/u>.  The first is a natural soil bacterium, which is able to protect plants from attacks by pathogens such as <em>botrytis cinerea<\/em>.<br \/>Trichoderma is also a naturally occurring fungus.  It is used in biodynamic viticulture to mycorrhize the soil.  It acts by food antagonism, limiting the infectious potential of the botrytis pathogen.  In summary, its germinative efficiency decreases, reducing the availability of secretions and nutrients from the surface of the leaves.<span id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-655\" class=\"ezoic-adpicker-ad\"><\/span><span class=\"ezoic-ad banner-1 banner-1655 adtester-container adtester-container-655\" data-ez-name=\"coltivazionebiologica_it-banner-1\"><span id=\"div-gpt-ad-coltivazionebiologica_it-banner-1-0\" ezaw=\"300\" ezah=\"250\" style=\"position:relative;z-index:0;display:inline-block;padding:0;min-height:250px;min-width:300px\" class=\"ezoic-ad\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-689\" class=\"ezoic-adpicker-ad\"><\/span><span class=\"ezoic-ad large-mobile-banner-1 large-mobile-banner-1689 adtester-container adtester-container-689\" data-ez-name=\"coltivazionebiologica_it-large-mobile-banner-1\"><span id=\"div-gpt-ad-coltivazionebiologica_it-large-mobile-banner-1-0\" ezaw=\"580\" ezah=\"400\" style=\"position:relative;z-index:0;display:inline-block;padding:0;width:100%;max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;min-height:90px;min-width:728px\" class=\"ezoic-ad\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There botrytis (or gray mold of the vine) is among the most serious fungal diseases that threaten Italian viticulture. It particularly affects grapes in the ripening phase, but can also manifest its symptoms on the leaves and shoots, or the vegetative organs of the vine plant. It is very important to prevent botrytis with adequate [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":613,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[68,72,73],"class_list":["post-612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-other-trees","tag-italian-garden","tag-other-trees","tag-viticulture","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Botrytis or gray mold of the vine. Damage, prevention and treatment - Sbenny\u2019s Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/gardening\/trees\/other-trees\/botrytis-or-gray-mold-of-the-vine-damage-prevention-and-treatment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Botrytis or gray mold of the vine. Damage, prevention and treatment - Sbenny\u2019s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"There botrytis (or gray mold of the vine) is among the most serious fungal diseases that threaten Italian viticulture. It particularly affects grapes in the ripening phase, but can also manifest its symptoms on the leaves and shoots, or the vegetative organs of the vine plant. It is very important to prevent botrytis with adequate [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/gardening\/trees\/other-trees\/botrytis-or-gray-mold-of-the-vine-damage-prevention-and-treatment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Sbenny\u2019s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sbennymods\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-04-06T12:18:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/botrite-della-vite.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"985\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"525\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Philip Owell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Philip Owell\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/forum.sbenny.com\\\/blog\\\/gardening\\\/trees\\\/other-trees\\\/botrytis-or-gray-mold-of-the-vine-damage-prevention-and-treatment\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/forum.sbenny.com\\\/blog\\\/gardening\\\/trees\\\/other-trees\\\/botrytis-or-gray-mold-of-the-vine-damage-prevention-and-treatment\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Philip Owell\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/forum.sbenny.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a77e10c2915dc8fe75aab9f446e1f0dc\"},\"headline\":\"Botrytis or gray mold of the vine. 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