{"id":659,"date":"2022-04-06T14:31:58","date_gmt":"2022-04-06T14:31:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/gardening\/bacillus-firmus-how-the-biological-nematodicide-works\/"},"modified":"2022-04-06T14:31:58","modified_gmt":"2022-04-06T14:31:58","slug":"bacillus-firmus-how-the-biological-nematodicide-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/gardening\/bacillus-firmus-how-the-biological-nematodicide-works\/","title":{"rendered":"Bacillus firmus, how the biological nematodicide works"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"penci-post-entry-inner\">\n<p>The <em><strong>Bacillus firmus<\/strong><\/em>  is an aerobic Gram-positive family bacterium <em>Bacillaceae<\/em>order <em>Bacillales<\/em>phylum <em>Firmicutes<\/em>.  Like many bacteria of this genus, for example the <em><u>Bacillus thuringiensis<\/u><\/em>  and the <em><u>Bacillus subtilis<\/u><\/em>also the <em>Bacillus firmus<\/em> it is ubiquitous and occurs naturally in the soil, rhizosphere and aquatic environment.<span id=\"more-21414\"><\/span>  The interest in it is due to its nematodicidal action and the bioprotective effect it has on crops.  THE <u>plant parasitic nematodes<\/u>in fact, they create serious problems for crops and are very difficult to combat by being active in the soil.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s see, therefore, its biological action and how to exploit it in the phytosanitary defense of vegetables sensitive to nematodes.<span id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-657\" class=\"ezoic-adpicker-ad\"><\/span><span class=\"ezoic-ad box-3 box-3657 adtester-container adtester-container-657\" data-ez-name=\"coltivazionebiologica_it-box-3\"><span id=\"div-gpt-ad-coltivazionebiologica_it-box-3-0\" ezaw=\"728\" ezah=\"90\" style=\"position:relative;z-index:0;display:inline-block;padding:0;min-height:90px;min-width:728px\" class=\"ezoic-ad\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id=\"forum-4291473881\" class=\"forum-content-2 forum-entity-placement\">\t\t<div class=\"ad-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;min-height:250px;text-align:center\">\r\n\t\t\t<!-- In Article Blog -->\r\n\t\t\t<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n\t\t\t\t style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3476569516614521\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-slot=\"9829044906\"><\/ins>\r\n\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\t (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Come_agisce_il_Bacillus_firmus\">How Bacillus firmus works<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The <em>Bacillus firmus<\/em>, in particular strain I-1582, has been isolated in Israel where interesting activity against nematodes has been observed.  The bacterium&#8217;s mode of action is both direct and indirect.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Azione_diretta\">Direct action<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It acts by contact against the eggs of the nematodes of the juvenile forms of the first stage, thanks to the ovicidal activity exerted by hydrolytic enzymes acting on the ovisack.<span id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-652\" class=\"ezoic-adpicker-ad\"><\/span><span class=\"ezoic-ad medrectangle-3 medrectangle-3652 adtester-container adtester-container-652\" data-ez-name=\"coltivazionebiologica_it-medrectangle-3\"><span id=\"div-gpt-ad-coltivazionebiologica_it-medrectangle-3-0\" ezaw=\"728\" ezah=\"90\" style=\"position:relative;z-index:0;display:inline-block;padding:0;min-height:90px;min-width:728px\" class=\"ezoic-ad\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id=\"forum-3544161471\" class=\"forum-content forum-entity-placement\">\t\t<div class=\"ad-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;min-height:250px;text-align:center\">\r\n\t\t\t<!-- In Article Blog -->\r\n\t\t\t<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n\t\t\t\t style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3476569516614521\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-slot=\"9829044906\"><\/ins>\r\n\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\t (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"Azione_indiretta\">Indirect action<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The bacterium proliferates on the root system of plants, absorbing and metabolizing substances secreted by the roots themselves (amino acids, sugars) which it then uses as nutrients.  These substances are no longer available to nematodes, whose larvae, without these nutrients, hatch late or do not hatch at all.  This causes less attraction towards the root system for the juvenile forms of second stage nematodes.<br \/>The bacterium also acts as a bioprotector, as it is capable of producing enzymes that break down the proteins contained in the eggshell of nematodes.<br \/>Finally, the <em>Bacillus firmus<\/em> is capable of producing indolacetic acid (IAA), <u>auxin phytohormone<\/u> which promotes the growth and development of plants.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Su_quali_specie_di_nematodi_e_efficace_il_Bacillus_firmus\">On which nematode species is Bacillus firmus effective?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"ezlazyload aligncenter size-full wp-image-21416\" alt=\"Carrots affected by roundworms\" width=\"780\" height=\"522\" ezimgfmt=\"rs rscb3 src ng ngcb3\" src=\"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Bacillus-firmus-how-the-biological-nematodicide-works.jpg\"><br \/>The spectrum of activity of the bacterium includes root-knot nematodes (<em>Meloidogyne incognita<\/em>, <em>M.hapla<\/em> And <em>M. javanica<\/em>), cyst nematodes (<em>Heterodera carotae<\/em>) and migratory nematodes (<em>Pratylenchus spp<\/em>).<\/p><div id=\"forum-1736719671\" class=\"forum-content-3 forum-entity-placement\">\t\t<div class=\"ad-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;min-height:250px;text-align:center\">\r\n\t\t\t<!-- In Article Blog -->\r\n\t\t\t<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n\t\t\t\t style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3476569516614521\"\r\n\t\t\t\t data-ad-slot=\"9829044906\"><\/ins>\r\n\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\t (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Su_quali_colture_si_usa_il_Bacillus_firmus\">On which crops is Bacillus firmus used?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The use of the <em>Bacillus firmus<\/em> strain I-1582 is authorized, in open fields and in greenhouses, on the following crops: <u>carrot<\/u>tobacco, <u>tomato<\/u>, <u>aubergine<\/u>, <u>sweet pepper<\/u>, <u>cucumber<\/u>, <u>melon<\/u>, <u>watermelon<\/u>, <u>pumpkin<\/u> And <u>zuchini<\/u>.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Il_Bacillus_firmus_in_commercio\">The Bacillus firmus on the market<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In Italy there is only one registered product based on <em>Bacillus firmus<\/em> strain I-1582, in the form of spores, available without the <u>license for the use of pesticides<\/u> and sold in the best specialized stores.<br \/>Its use is permitted in <u>biological agriculture<\/u>as the studies show <u>not be harmful<\/u> towards man, vertebrates and <u>beneficial insects<\/u>.<span id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-658\" class=\"ezoic-adpicker-ad\"><\/span><span class=\"ezoic-ad medrectangle-4 medrectangle-4658 adtester-container adtester-container-658\" data-ez-name=\"coltivazionebiologica_it-medrectangle-4\"><span id=\"div-gpt-ad-coltivazionebiologica_it-medrectangle-4-0\" ezaw=\"580\" ezah=\"400\" style=\"position:relative;z-index:0;display:inline-block;padding:0;width:100%;max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;min-height:90px;min-width:728px\" class=\"ezoic-ad\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Modalita_di_applicazione\">Application procedure<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The spores of the <em>Bacillus firmus<\/em> must be diluted in water, according to the indications found on the label of the commercial product.  The suspension must be kept stirred before and during treatment.  Reason for which it must be applied with specific atomizers.  The treatment should only be done on the ground, never on the plants.<br \/>Therefore, a single pre-sowing or pre-transplant treatment can be done at a dosage of 80 kg \/ ha.  Or double the treatment, with a spraying before the start of cultivation and another intervention for fertigation after a few days from transplanting or sowing, both at a half dosage of 40 kg \/ ha.<br \/>After the treatment it is essential to always keep the soil well moist, so that the bacterium exerts its nematodicidal action.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-689\" class=\"ezoic-adpicker-ad\"><\/span><span class=\"ezoic-ad large-mobile-banner-1 large-mobile-banner-1689 adtester-container adtester-container-689\" data-ez-name=\"coltivazionebiologica_it-large-mobile-banner-1\"><span id=\"div-gpt-ad-coltivazionebiologica_it-large-mobile-banner-1-0\" ezaw=\"580\" ezah=\"400\" style=\"position:relative;z-index:0;display:inline-block;padding:0;width:100%;max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;min-height:90px;min-width:728px\" class=\"ezoic-ad\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Bacillus firmus is an aerobic Gram-positive family bacterium Bacillaceaeorder Bacillalesphylum Firmicutes. Like many bacteria of this genus, for example the Bacillus thuringiensis and the Bacillus subtilisalso the Bacillus firmus it is ubiquitous and occurs naturally in the soil, rhizosphere and aquatic environment. The interest in it is due to its nematodicidal action and the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":660,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[67,68],"class_list":["post-659","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gardening","tag-gardening","tag-italian-garden","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bacillus firmus, how the biological nematodicide works - Sbenny\u2019s Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/gardening\/bacillus-firmus-how-the-biological-nematodicide-works\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bacillus firmus, how the biological nematodicide works - Sbenny\u2019s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Bacillus firmus is an aerobic Gram-positive family bacterium Bacillaceaeorder Bacillalesphylum Firmicutes. Like many bacteria of this genus, for example the Bacillus thuringiensis and the Bacillus subtilisalso the Bacillus firmus it is ubiquitous and occurs naturally in the soil, rhizosphere and aquatic environment. The interest in it is due to its nematodicidal action and the [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/gardening\/bacillus-firmus-how-the-biological-nematodicide-works\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Sbenny\u2019s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sbennymods\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-04-06T14:31:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/forum.sbenny.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Bacillus-firmus-1-e1647351964315.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"803\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Philip Owell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Philip Owell\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/forum.sbenny.com\\\/blog\\\/gardening\\\/bacillus-firmus-how-the-biological-nematodicide-works\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/forum.sbenny.com\\\/blog\\\/gardening\\\/bacillus-firmus-how-the-biological-nematodicide-works\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Philip Owell\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/forum.sbenny.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a77e10c2915dc8fe75aab9f446e1f0dc\"},\"headline\":\"Bacillus firmus, how the biological nematodicide works\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-04-06T14:31:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/forum.sbenny.com\\\/blog\\\/gardening\\\/bacillus-firmus-how-the-biological-nematodicide-works\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":553,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/forum.sbenny.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/forum.sbenny.com\\\/blog\\\/gardening\\\/bacillus-firmus-how-the-biological-nematodicide-works\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/forum.sbenny.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/Bacillus-firmus-1-e1647351964315.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"gardening\",\"italian garden\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Gardening\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/forum.sbenny.com\\\/blog\\\/gardening\\\/bacillus-firmus-how-the-biological-nematodicide-works\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/forum.sbenny.com\\\/blog\\\/gardening\\\/bacillus-firmus-how-the-biological-nematodicide-works\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bacillus firmus, how the biological nematodicide works - 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Like many bacteria of this genus, for example the Bacillus thuringiensis and the Bacillus subtilisalso the Bacillus firmus it is ubiquitous and occurs naturally in the soil, rhizosphere and aquatic environment. 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